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Oxidative Conversion of a Europium(II)‐Based T 1 Agent into a Europium(III)‐Based paraCEST Agent that can be Detected In Vivo by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s) -
Funk Alexander M.,
Clavijo Jordan Veronica,
Sherry A. Dean,
Ratnakar S. James,
Kovacs Zoltan
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201511649
Subject(s) - europium , chemistry , reagent , lanthanide , dota , in vivo , chelation , nuclear magnetic resonance , proton , inorganic chemistry , ion , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
The Eu II complex of 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) tetra(glycinate) has a higher reduction potential than most Eu II chelates reported to date. The reduced Eu II form acts as an efficient water proton T 1 relaxation reagent, while the Eu III form acts as a water‐based chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agent. The complex has extremely fast water exchange rate. Oxidation to the corresponding Eu III complex yields a well‐defined signal from the paraCEST agent. The time course of oxidation was studied in vitro and in vivo by T 1 ‐weighted and CEST imaging.