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A Smart Photosensitizer–Manganese Dioxide Nanosystem for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy by Reducing Glutathione Levels in Cancer Cells
Author(s) -
Fan Huanhuan,
Yan Guobei,
Zhao Zilong,
Hu Xiaoxiao,
Zhang Wenhan,
Liu Hui,
Fu Xiaoyi,
Fu Ting,
Zhang XiaoBing,
Tan Weihong
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201510748
Subject(s) - photosensitizer , singlet oxygen , photodynamic therapy , reactive oxygen species , glutathione , chemistry , cancer cell , biophysics , oxygen , photochemistry , cancer , biochemistry , medicine , biology , enzyme , organic chemistry
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied in cancer treatment by utilizing reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells. However, a high concentration of glutathione (GSH) is present in cancer cells and can consume reactive oxygen species. To address this problem, we report the development of a photosensitizer–MnO 2 nanosystem for highly efficient PDT. In our design, MnO 2 nanosheets adsorb photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), protect it from self‐destruction upon light irradiation, and efficiently deliver it into cells. The nanosystem also inhibits extracellular singlet oxygen generation by Ce6, leading to fewer side effects. Once endocytosed, the MnO 2 nanosheets are reduced by intracellular GSH. As a result, the nanosystem is disintegrated, simultaneously releasing Ce6 and decreasing the level of GSH for highly efficient PDT. Moreover, fluorescence recovery, accompanied by the dissolution of MnO 2 nanosheets, can provide a fluorescence signal for monitoring the efficacy of delivery.