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Single‐Cell Mass Spectrometry for Discovery Proteomics: Quantifying Translational Cell Heterogeneity in the 16‐Cell Frog ( Xenopus ) Embryo
Author(s) -
LombardBanek Camille,
Moody Sally A.,
Nemes Peter
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201510411
Subject(s) - xenopus , proteomics , embryo , blastomere , mass spectrometry , biology , proteome , population , cell , microbiology and biotechnology , quantitative proteomics , computational biology , chemistry , embryogenesis , chromatography , bioinformatics , biochemistry , gene , demography , sociology
We advance mass spectrometry from a cell population‐averaging tool to one capable of quantifying the expression of diverse proteins in single embryonic cells. Our instrument combines capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrospray ionization, and a tribrid ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) to enable untargeted (discovery) proteomics with ca. 25 amol lower limit of detection. CE‐μESI‐HRMS enabled the identification of 500–800 nonredundant protein groups by measuring 20 ng, or <0.2% of the total protein content in single blastomeres that were isolated from the 16‐cell frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo, amounting to a total of 1709 protein groups identified between n=3 biological replicates. By quantifying ≈150 nonredundant protein groups between all blastomeres and replicate measurements, we found significant translational cell heterogeneity along multiple axes of the embryo at this very early stage of development when the transcriptional program of the embryo has yet to begin.