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Monitoring Tyrosinase Expression in Non‐metastatic and Metastatic Melanoma Tissues by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Author(s) -
Lin TzuEn,
Bondarenko Alexandra,
Lesch Andreas,
Pick Horst,
CortésSalazar Fernando,
Girault Hubert H.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201509397
Subject(s) - metastatic melanoma , tyrosinase , scanning electrochemical microscopy , melanoma , cancer research , immunohistochemistry , microscopy , chemistry , pathology , electrochemistry , medicine , enzyme , biochemistry , electrode
Although tremendous progress has been made in the diagnosis of melanoma, the identification of different stages of malignancy in a reliable way remains challenging. Current strategies rely on optical monitoring of the concentration and spatial distribution of specific biomarkers. State‐of‐the‐art optical methods can be affected by background‐color interference and autofluorescence. We overcame these shortcomings by employing scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to map the prognostic indicator tyrosinase (TyR) in non‐metastatic and metastatic melanoma tissues by using soft‐stylus microelectrodes. Electrochemical readout of the TyR distribution was enabled by adapting an immunochemical method. SECM can overcome the limitations of optical methods and opens unprecedented possibilities for improved diagnosis and understanding of the spatial distribution of TyR in different melanoma stages.