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Direct Observation of an Anomalous Spinel‐to‐Layered Phase Transition Mediated by Crystal Water Intercalation
Author(s) -
Kim Sangryun,
Nam Kwan Woo,
Lee Soyeon,
Cho Woosuk,
Kim JooSeong,
Kim Byung Gon,
Oshima Yoshifumi,
Kim JuSik,
Doo SeokGwang,
Chang Hyuk,
Aurbach Doron,
Choi Jang Wook
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201505487
Subject(s) - intercalation (chemistry) , spinel , phase transition , materials science , crystallography , crystal (programming language) , phase (matter) , transition (genetics) , condensed matter physics , chemical physics , chemistry , inorganic chemistry , physics , metallurgy , computer science , organic chemistry , programming language , biochemistry , gene
Abstract The phase transition of layered manganese oxides to spinel phases is a well‐known phenomenon in rechargeable batteries and is the main origin of the capacity fading in these materials. This spontaneous phase transition is associated with the intrinsic properties of manganese, such as its size, preferred crystal positions, and reaction characteristics, and it is therefore very difficult to avoid. The introduction of crystal water by an electrochemical process enables the inverse phase transition from spinel to a layered Birnessite structure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy can be used to directly visualize the rearrangement of lattice atoms, the simultaneous insertion of crystal water, the formation of a transient structure at the phase boundary, and layer‐by‐layer progression of the phase transition from the edge. This research indicates that crystal water intercalation can reverse phase transformation with thermodynamically favored directionality.