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Use of Graphite as a Highly Reversible Electrode with Superior Cycle Life for Sodium‐Ion Batteries by Making Use of Co‐Intercalation Phenomena
Author(s) -
Jache Birte,
Adelhelm Philipp
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201403734
Subject(s) - diglyme , intercalation (chemistry) , anode , lithium (medication) , electrolyte , graphite , ternary operation , electrode , materials science , sodium , battery (electricity) , inorganic chemistry , ion , stoichiometry , chemistry , chemical engineering , thermodynamics , solvent , organic chemistry , metallurgy , medicine , power (physics) , physics , computer science , engineering , programming language , endocrinology
Although being the standard anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), graphite so far is considered to fail application in sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) because the Na‐C system lacks suitable binary intercalation compounds. Here we show that this limitation can be circumvented by using co‐intercalation phenomena in a diglyme‐based electrolyte. The resulting compound is a stage‐I ternary intercalation compound with an estimated stoichiometry of Na(diglyme) 2 C 20 . Highlights of the electrode reaction are its high energy efficiency, the small irreversible loss during the first cycle, and a superior cycle life with capacities close to 100 mAh g −1 for 1000 cycles and coulomb efficiencies >99.87 %. A one‐to‐one comparison with the analogue lithium‐based cell shows that the sodium‐based system performs better and also withstands higher currents.