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Catalytic Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin into High‐Value Small‐Molecular Chemicals over a Nanostructured α‐Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst
Author(s) -
Ma Rui,
Hao Wenyue,
Ma Xiaolei,
Tian Ye,
Li Yongdan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201402752
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , lignin , organic chemistry , solvent , yield (engineering) , char , kraft paper , supercritical fluid , ethanol , pyrolysis , chemical engineering , materials science , engineering , metallurgy
We report the complete ethanolysis of Kraft lignin over an α‐MoC 1− x /AC catalyst in pure ethanol at 280 °C to give high‐value chemicals of low molecular weight with a maximum overall yield of the 25 most abundant liquid products (LP25) of 1.64 g per gram of lignin. The LP25 products consisted of C 6 –C 10 esters, alcohols, arenes, phenols, and benzyl alcohols with an overall heating value of 36.5 MJ kg −1 . C 6 alcohols and C 8 esters predominated and accounted for 82 wt % of the LP25 products. No oligomers or char were formed in the process. With our catalyst, ethanol is the only effective solvent for the reaction. Supercritical ethanol on its own degrades Kraft lignin into a mixture of small molecules and molecular fragments of intermediate size with molecular weights in the range 700–1400, differing in steps of 58 units, which is the weight of the branched‐chain linkage C 3 H 6 O in lignin. Hydrogen was found to have a negative effect on the formation of the low‐molecular‐weight products.