Combinatorially Designed Lipid‐like Nanoparticles for Intracellular Delivery of Cytotoxic Protein for Cancer Therapy

An efficient and safe method to deliver active proteins into the cytosol of targeted cells is highly desirable to advance protein‐based therapeutics. A novel protein delivery platform has been created by combinatorial design of cationic lipid‐like materials (termed “lipidoids”), coupled with a reversible chemical protein engineering approach. Using ribonuclease A (RNase A) and saporin as two representative cytotoxic proteins, the combinatorial lipidoids efficiently deliver proteins into cancer cells and inhibit cell proliferation. A study of the structure–function relationship reveals that the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the lipidoids and the protein play a vital role in the formation of protein–lipidoid nanocomplexes and intracellular delivery. A representative lipidoid (EC16‐1) protein nanoparticle formulation inhibits cell proliferation in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in a murine breast cancer model.