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Ratiometric Activatable Cell‐Penetrating Peptides Provide Rapid In Vivo Readout of Thrombin Activation
Author(s) -
Whitney Michael,
Savariar Elamprakash N.,
Friedman Beth,
Levin Rachel A.,
Crisp Jessica L.,
Glasgow Heather L.,
Lefkowitz Roy,
Adams Stephen R.,
Steinbach Paul,
Nashi Nadia,
Nguyen Quyen T.,
Tsien Roger Y.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201205721
Subject(s) - in vivo , thrombin , biophysics , chemistry , cleavage (geology) , linker , materials science , biology , platelet , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , fracture (geology) , computer science , composite material , operating system
In real time : Thrombin activation in vivo can be imaged in real time with ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides (RACPPs). RACPPs are designed to combine 1) dual‐emission ratioing, 2) far red to infrared wavelengths for in vivo mammalian imaging, and 3) cleavage‐dependent spatial localization. The most advanced RACPP uses norleucine (Nle)‐TPRSFL as a linker that increases sensitivity to thrombin by about 90‐fold (see figure).