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A Liposomal System Capable of Generating CO 2 Bubbles to Induce Transient Cavitation, Lysosomal Rupturing, and Cell Necrosis
Author(s) -
Chung MinFan,
Chen KoJie,
Liang HsiangFa,
Liao ZiXian,
Chia WeiTso,
Xia Younan,
Sung HsingWen
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201205482
Subject(s) - endocytosis , cavitation , intracellular , liposome , biophysics , proteases , lysosome , ammonium bicarbonate , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , membrane , necrosis , transient (computer programming) , cell , materials science , nanotechnology , biology , biochemistry , mechanics , enzyme , raw material , physics , organic chemistry , genetics , computer science , operating system
Bubbling over : After endocytosis and intracellular trafficking to lysosomes, liposomes containing ammonium bicarbonate can be thermally triggered to generate CO 2 bubbles (see scheme). These bubbles grow rapidly and collapse violently to induce transient cavitation, a process that can disrupt the lysosomal membrane and release lysosomal proteases, thus leading to cell necrosis.