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Activation and Deactivation of a Chemical Transformation by an Electromagnetic Field: Evidence for Specific Microwave Effects in the Formation of Grignard Reagents
Author(s) -
Gutmann Bernhard,
Schwan Alexander M.,
Reichart Benedikt,
Gspan Christian,
Hofer Ferdinand,
Kappe C. Oliver
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201100856
Subject(s) - microwave , reagent , decomposition , aryl , field (mathematics) , transformation (genetics) , chemistry , halide , metal , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , computer science , telecommunications , engineering , mathematics , biochemistry , alkyl , pure mathematics , gene
It's field density, not temperature! Modifying the electric field strength in a microwave experiment can completely change the outcome of a reaction. Whereas a low field strength in Grignard reagent formation from Mg metal and aryl halide leads to acceleration of the initiation step, using a high field strength at the same temperature suppresses Mg insertion, favoring solvent decomposition and passivation of the Mg metal (see scheme).