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Supercritical Water as a Solvent
Author(s) -
Weingärtner Hermann,
Franck Ernst Ulrich
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.200462468
Subject(s) - supercritical fluid , critical point (mathematics) , polar , solvent , chemical physics , materials science , ionic bonding , chemical polarity , properties of water , current (fluid) , chemical engineering , chemistry , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , molecule , physics , ion , mathematical analysis , mathematics , astronomy , engineering
Water is not restricted to moderate temperatures and low pressures, but can exist up to very high temperatures, far above its critical point at 647 K. In this supercritical regime, water can be gradually compressed from gas‐like to liquid‐like densities. The resulting dense supercritical states have extraordinary properties which can be tuned by temperature and pressure, and form the basis for innovative technologies. This Review covers the current knowledge of the major properties of supercritical water and its solutions with nonpolar, polar, and ionic compounds, and of the underlying molecular processes.