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Arene Complexes of Univalent Gallium, Indium, and Thallium
Author(s) -
Schmidbaur Hubert
Publication year - 1985
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition in english
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 0570-0833
DOI - 10.1002/anie.198508933
Subject(s) - indium , gallium , thallium , chemistry , main group element , metal , transition metal , group 2 organometallic chemistry , crystallography , homogeneous , periodic table , homo/lumo , inorganic chemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , catalysis , physics , thermodynamics
Abstract Arene complexes of main‐group metals were, until recently, rare species—in contrast to the now classical, analogous complexes of transition metals. In systematic investigations, it has been possible to prepare and structurally characterize arene complexes of the univalent elements gallium, indium, and thallium, which directly follow the d‐block elements in the periodic table. This new type of compound is characterized by centric (η 6 ) coordination of the metal to the arene; both mono‐ and bis(arene) complexes are known. The interaction can be explained by the perfect agreement between the HOMO/LUMO symmetry of the arene and of the low‐valent metal. The electronic states of the nd 10 (n + 1)s 2 configuration, which are partially modified by relativistic effects, play a particularly important role. The relationship to the few known complexes of the neighboring elements (Sn II , Pb II ) becomes plausible via the isoelectronic principle. The arene/Ga I , In I , Tl I systems are of potential significance as homogeneous reducing agents and as agents for the activation of aromatic compounds, the purification of metals, and the separation of metals from nonaqueous media.