Premium
Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity as Linear Free‐Energy Relationships
Author(s) -
Reichardt Christian
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition in english
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 0570-0833
DOI - 10.1002/anie.197900981
Subject(s) - polarity (international relations) , solvent , solvent effects , chemistry , thermodynamics , linear relationship , absorption (acoustics) , free energy relationship , computational chemistry , mathematics , organic chemistry , physics , statistics , reaction rate constant , quantum mechanics , optics , kinetics , biochemistry , cell
Although the effect of solvent on the rate and the position of equilibrium of chemical reactions has been known since the last century, there are still no reliable and exact methods for a quantitative description and prediction of such solvent effects. Empirical parameters of solvent polarity are of great value in this respect and can be derived with the aid of the principle of “linear relationships between free energies” (LFE relationships). The present article deals with the possibilities of establishing reaction and absorption series using solvent‐dependent standard reactions or standard absorptions of organic compounds. Particular attention is merited by the summary of the 24 most important empirical parameters of solvent polarity and the table of E T (30) values for 151 solvents. In addition to examples of the application of these values, attempts to improve the LFE correlations of singular empirical parameters of solvent polarity with the aid of multiparametric equations are described.