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Ternary Cu 2+ Complexes: Stability, Structure, and Reactivity
Author(s) -
Sigel Helmut
Publication year - 1975
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition in english
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 0570-0833
DOI - 10.1002/anie.197503941
Subject(s) - steric effects , reactivity (psychology) , chemistry , ternary operation , ligand (biochemistry) , metal , crystallography , hydrogen bond , ion , chelation , inorganic chemistry , stereochemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , medicine , biochemistry , alternative medicine , receptor , pathology , computer science , programming language
Abstract The driving forces leading to the formation of ternary Cu 2+ complexes are outlined; they are (i) statistical reasons, (ii) neutralization of charge in the mixed‐ligand complexes, (iii) steric factors (bulky groups, ring size of chelates), and (iv) formation of π bonds. The last point is important for achieving a large stability, as well as for the observation of discriminating qualities. An additional stability increase may possibly be achieved through a direct interaction between the two ligands bound to the same metal ion, i.e. Schiff base formation, hydrogen bonding or a charge‐transfer relation. The latter leads to distinct structures, i.e. metal ion‐bridged charge‐transfer complexes. The relation between stability and structure on the reactivity of mixed‐ligand complexes is emphasized. The relevance of the results for mixed‐ligand complexes containing metal ions other than Cu 2+ is briefly outlined.