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Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: A New Synthetic Route to Biphenyls
Author(s) -
Effenberger Franz,
Nagel Klaus,
Agster Wolfgang
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition in english
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 0570-0833
DOI - 10.1002/anie.197105662
Subject(s) - nucleophilic aromatic substitution , nucleophilic substitution , substitution (logic) , radical nucleophilic aromatic substitution , substitution reaction , chemistry , electrophilic aromatic substitution , organic chemistry , computer science , programming language
The most important methods for preparation of biphenyls are the Ullmann and Gomberg reactions, which involve radical or organometallic intermediates; furthermore, biaryls are formed by benzidine rearrangement and oxidative dimerization, as well as in the course of reactions involving aryne intermediates.