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Surface Modification of Black Phosphorus with Group 13 Lewis Acids for Ambient Protection and Electronic Tuning
Author(s) -
Tofan Daniel,
Sakazaki Yukako,
Walz Mitra Kendahl L.,
Peng Ruoming,
Lee Seokhyeong,
Li Mo,
Velian Alexandra
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202100308
Subject(s) - lewis acids and bases , black phosphorus , photocurrent , chemistry , steric effects , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , surface modification , electrophile , materials science , chemical engineering , optoelectronics , stereochemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis , engineering
Herein we introduce a facile, solution‐phase protocol to modify the Lewis basic surface of few‐layer black phosphorus ( b P) and demonstrate its effectiveness at providing ambient stability and tuning of electronic properties. Commercially available group 13 Lewis acids that range in electrophilicity, steric bulk, and Pearson hard/soft‐ness are evaluated. The nature of the interaction between the Lewis acids and the b P lattice is investigated using a range of microscopic (optical, atomic force, scanning electron) and spectroscopic (energy dispersive, X‐ray photoelectron) methods. Al and Ga halides are most effective at preventing ambient degradation of b P (>84 h for AlBr 3 ), and the resulting field‐effect transistors show excellent IV characteristics, photocurrent, and current stability, and are significantly p‐doped. This protocol, chemically matched to b P and compatible with device fabrication, opens a path for deterministic and persistent tuning of the electronic properties in b P.