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Concentration‐Dependent Subcellular Distribution of Ultrasmall Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Gold Nanoparticles
Author(s) -
Gong Lingshan,
He Kui,
Liu Jinbin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202014833
Subject(s) - nanomedicine , endocytosis , colloidal gold , chemistry , luminescence , singlet oxygen , nanotechnology , nanoparticle , biophysics , subcellular localization , cytotoxicity , materials science , cytoplasm , cell , oxygen , biochemistry , in vitro , biology , optoelectronics , organic chemistry
Abstract The ability to accurately control the subcellular distribution of nanomedicines provides unique advantages on understanding of cellular biology and disease theranostics. The nanomedicine concentration is a key factor to affect the theranostic efficiency and systematic toxicity. Herein, we unravel a concentration‐dependent subcellular distribution of near‐infrared‐emitting gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) co‐coated with glutathione and a cell‐penetrating peptide CR 8 (CR‐AuNPs), which shows a strong membrane‐binding at high concentration but more endocytosis for mitochondria targeting at the low concentration region. Attributing to high content of Au I and microsecond luminescent lifetimes, these AuNPs can catalyze dissolved oxygen to generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) efficiently. Combining with the concentration‐dependent subcellular distribution, the luminescent AuNPs show photocytotoxicity in the relative low concentration region. These findings facilitate the fundamental understanding of the biological behaviors and potential cytotoxicity of ultrasmall luminescent AuNPs toward future theranostics.