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Reaction Acceleration at Solid/Solution Interfaces: Katritzky Reaction Catalyzed by Glass Particles
Author(s) -
Li Yangjie,
Mehari Tsdale F.,
Wei Zhenwei,
Liu Yong,
Cooks R. Graham
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202014613
Subject(s) - acceleration , catalysis , deprotonation , phase (matter) , reaction rate , base (topology) , chemistry , container (type theory) , chemical engineering , reaction mechanism , materials science , chemical physics , composite material , organic chemistry , physics , classical mechanics , ion , mathematical analysis , mathematics , engineering
The Katritzky reaction in bulk solution at room temperature is accelerated significantly by the surface of a glass container compared to a plastic container. Remarkably, the reaction rate is increased by more than two orders of magnitude upon the addition of glass particles with the rate increasing linearly with increasing amounts of glass. A similar phenomenon is observed when glass particles are added to levitated droplets, where large acceleration factors are seen. Evidence shows that glass acts as a “green” heterogeneous catalyst: it participates as a base in the deprotonation step and is recovered unchanged from the reaction mixture. Reaction acceleration at two separate interfaces is recognized in this study: i) air/solution phase acceleration, as is well known in microdroplets; ii) solid/solution phase, where such acceleration appears to be a new phenomenon.