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“NAD‐display”: Ultrahigh‐Throughput in Vitro Screening of NAD(H) Dehydrogenases Using Bead Display and Flow Cytometry
Author(s) -
Lindenburg Laurens,
Hollfelder Florian
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202013486
Subject(s) - nad+ kinase , formate dehydrogenase , flow cytometry , chemistry , directed evolution , biochemistry , high throughput screening , computational biology , enzyme , combinatorial chemistry , biology , biophysics , cofactor , microbiology and biotechnology , mutant , gene
NAD(H)‐utiliing enzymes have been the subject of directed evolution campaigns to improve their function. To enable access to a larger swath of sequence space, we demonstrate the utility of a cell‐free, ultrahigh‐throughput directed evolution platform for dehydrogenases. Microbeads (1.5 million per sample) carrying both variant DNA and an immobilised analogue of NAD + were compartmentalised in water‐in‐oil emulsion droplets, together with cell‐free expression mixture and enzyme substrate, resulting in the recording of the phenotype on each bead. The beads’ phenotype could be read out and sorted for on a flow cytometer by using a highly sensitive fluorescent protein‐based sensor of the NAD + :NADH ratio. Integration of this “NAD‐display” approach with our previously described Split & Mix (SpliMLiB) method for generating large site‐saturation libraries allowed straightforward screening of fully balanced site saturation libraries of formate dehydrogenase, with diversities of 2×10 4 . Based on modular design principles of synthetic biology NAD‐display offers access to sophisticated in vitro selections, avoiding complex technology platforms.