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Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries Using 23 Na T 2 ‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s) -
Rees Gregory J.,
Spencer Jolly Dominic,
Ning Ziyang,
Marrow T. James,
Pavlovskaya Galina E.,
Bruce Peter G.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202013066
Subject(s) - dendrite (mathematics) , sodium , magnetic resonance imaging , electrolyte , electrode , materials science , nuclear magnetic resonance , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , metallurgy , medicine , geometry , mathematics , physics , chromatography , radiology
Two‐dimensional, Knight‐shifted, T 2 ‐contrasted 23 Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an all‐solid‐state cell with a Na electrode and a ceramic electrolyte is employed to directly observe Na microstructural growth. A spalling dendritic morphology is observed and confirmed by more conventional post‐mortem analysis; X‐ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. A significantly larger 23 Na T 2 for the dendritic growth, compared with the bulk metal electrode, is attributed to increased sodium ion mobility in the dendrite. 23 Na T 2 ‐contrast MRI of metallic sodium offers a clear, routine method for observing and isolating microstructural growths and can supplement the current suite of techniques utilised to analyse dendritic growth in all‐solid‐state cells.