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Enzyme‐Loaded Nanoreactors Enable the Continuous Regeneration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Artificial Metabolisms
Author(s) -
Jo SeongMin,
Wurm Frederik R.,
Landfester Katharina
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202012023
Subject(s) - nad+ kinase , nanoreactor , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , cofactor , chemistry , biochemistry , enzyme , combinatorial chemistry , catalysis
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential coenzyme for numerous biocatalytic pathways. While in nature, NAD + is continuously regenerated from NADH by enzymes, all synthetic NAD + regeneration strategies require a continuous supply of expensive reagents and generate byproducts, making these strategies unattractive. In contrast, we present an artificial enzyme combination that produces NAD + from oxygen and water continuously; no additional organic substrates are required once a minimal amount pyruvate is supplied. Three enzymes, i.e., LDH, LOX, and CAT, are covalently encapsulated into a substrate‐permeable silica nanoreactor by a mild fluoride‐catalyzed sol–gel process. The enzymes retain their activity inside of the nanoreactors and are protected against proteolysis and heat. We successfully used NAD + from the nanoreactors for the continuous production of NAD + i) to sense glucose in artificial glucose metabolism, and ii) to reduce the non‐oxygen binding methemoglobin to oxygen‐binding hemoglobin. This latter conversion might be used for the treatment of Methemoglobinemia . We believe that this versatile tool will allow the design of artificial NAD + ‐dependent metabolisms or NAD + ‐mediated redox‐reactions.

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