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Explorations into the Effect of meso ‐Substituents in Tricarbocyanine Dyes: A Path to Diverse Biomolecular Probes and Materials
Author(s) -
Exner Rüdiger M.,
CortezonTamarit Fernando,
Pascu Sofia I.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202008075
Subject(s) - cyanine , conjugated system , chemistry , fluorescence , combinatorial chemistry , absorption (acoustics) , nanotechnology , photochemistry , polymer , organic chemistry , materials science , physics , quantum mechanics , composite material
Polymethine cyanine dyes have been widely recognized as promising chemical tools for a range of life science and biomedical applications, such as fluorescent staining of DNA and proteins in gel electrophoresis, fluorescence guided surgery, or as ratiometric probes for probing biochemical pathways. The photophysical properties of such dyes can be tuned through the synthetic modification of the conjugated backbone, for example, by altering aromatic cores or by varying the length of the conjugated polymethine chain. Alternative routes to shaping the absorption, emission, and photostability of dyes of this family are centered around the chemical modifications on the polymethine chain. This Minireview aims to discuss strategies for the introduction of substituents in the meso‐position, their effect on the photophysical properties of these dyes and some structure–activity correlations which could help overcome common limitations in the state of the art in the synthesis.