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Controlling Residual Lithium in High‐Nickel (>90 %) Lithium Layered Oxides for Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Seong Won Mo,
Cho KwangHwan,
Park JiWon,
Park Hyeokjun,
Eum Donggun,
Lee Myeong Hwan,
Kim Ilseok Stephen,
Lim Jongwoo,
Kang Kisuk
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202007436
Subject(s) - lithium (medication) , nickel , lithium vanadium phosphate battery , lithium hydroxide , lithium carbonate , hydroxide , inorganic chemistry , nickel oxide , oxide , materials science , chemistry , chemical engineering , ion , electrochemistry , electrode , metallurgy , organic chemistry , ion exchange , ionic bonding , medicine , engineering , endocrinology
The rampant generation of lithium hydroxide and carbonate impurities, commonly known as residual lithium, is a practical obstacle to the mass‐scale synthesis and handling of high‐nickel (>90 %) layered oxides and their use as high‐energy‐density cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, we suggest a simple in situ method to control the residual lithium chemistry of a high‐nickel lithium layered oxide, Li(Ni 0.91 Co 0.06 Mn 0.03 )O 2 (NCM9163), with minimal side effects. Based on thermodynamic considerations of the preferred reactions, we systematically designed a synthesis process that preemptively converts residual Li 2 O (the origin of LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 ) into a more stable compound by injecting reactive SO 2 gas. The preformed lithium sulfate thin film significantly suppresses the generation of LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 during both synthesis and storage, thereby mitigating slurry gelation and gas evolution and improving the cycle stability.