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Studying Natural Buckyballs and Buckybowls in Fossil Materials
Author(s) -
Farmani Zahra,
Vetere Alessandro,
Poidevin Corentin,
Auer Alexander A.,
Schrader Wolfgang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202005449
Subject(s) - fullerene , stoichiometry , high resolution , asphaltene , carbon fibers , materials science , fossil fuel , chemical physics , nanotechnology , chemistry , geology , organic chemistry , composite material , composite number , remote sensing
Buckyballs (fullerenes) were first reported over 30 years ago, but still little is known regarding their natural occurrence, since they have so far only been found at sites of high‐energy incidents, such as lightning strikes or meteor impacts, but have not been reported in low‐energy materials like fossil fuels. Using ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry, a wide range of fullerenes from C 30 to C 114 was detected in the asphaltene fraction of a heavy crude oil, together with their building blocks of C 10n H 10 stoichiometry. High‐level DLPNO‐CCSD(T) calculations corroborate their stability as spherical and hemispherical species. Interestingly, the maximum intensity of the fullerenes was found at C 40 instead of the major fullerene C 60 . Hence, experimental evidence supported by calculations show the existence of not only buckyballs but also buckybowls as 3‐dimensional polyaromatic compounds in fossil materials.