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Naphthalene‐Diimide‐Based Ionenes as Universal Interlayers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Liu Ming,
Fan Pu,
Hu Qin,
Russell Thomas P.,
Liu Yao
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202004432
Subject(s) - organic solar cell , materials science , work function , polymer , fullerene , polymerization , organic electronics , organic semiconductor , chemical engineering , diimide , photochemistry , polymer chemistry , chemistry , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , molecule , layer (electronics) , composite material , physics , transistor , voltage , quantum mechanics , engineering , perylene
Abstract Self‐doping ionene polymers were efficiently synthesized by reacting functional naphthalene diimide (NDI) with 1,3‐dibromopropane ( NDI‐NI ) or trans ‐1,4‐dibromo‐2‐butene ( NDI‐CI ) via quaternization polymerization. These NDI‐based ionene polymers are universal interlayers with random molecular orientation, boosting the efficiencies of fullerene‐based, non‐fullerene‐based, and ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) over a wide range of interlayer thicknesses, with a maximum efficiency of 16.9 %. NDI‐NI showed a higher interfacial dipole (Δ), conductivity, and electron mobility than NDI‐CI , affording solar cells with higher efficiencies. These polymers proved to efficiently lower the work function ( WF ) of air‐stable metals and optimize the contact between metal electrode and organic semiconductor, highlighting their power to overcome energy barriers of electron injection and extraction processes for efficient organic electronics.