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Activatable Molecular Probes for Second Near‐Infrared Fluorescence, Chemiluminescence, and Photoacoustic Imaging
Author(s) -
Huang Jiaguo,
Pu Kanyi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.202001783
Subject(s) - molecular imaging , autofluorescence , chemiluminescence , photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy , fluorescence , materials science , preclinical imaging , nanotechnology , chemistry , optics , in vivo , physics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , organic chemistry
Optical imaging plays a crucial role in biomedicine. However, due to strong light scattering and autofluorescence in biological tissue between 650–900 nm, conventional optical imaging often has a poor signal‐to‐background ratio and shallow penetration depth, which limits its ability in deep‐tissue in vivo imaging. Second near‐infrared fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and photoacoustic imaging modalities mitigate these issues by their respective advantages of minimized light scattering, eliminated external excitation, and ultrasound detection. To enable disease detection, activatable molecular probes (AMPs) with the ability to change their second near‐infrared fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or photoacoustic signals in response to a biomarker have been developed. This Minireview summarizes the molecular design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and imaging applications of AMPs. The potential challenges and perspectives of AMPs in deep‐tissue imaging are also discussed.