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Pathway from N‐Alkylglycine to Alkylisonitrile Catalyzed by Iron(II) and 2‐Oxoglutarate‐Dependent Oxygenases
Author(s) -
Chen TzuYu,
Chen Jinfeng,
Tang Yijie,
Zhou Jiahai,
Guo Yisong,
Chang Weichen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201914896
Subject(s) - decarboxylation , oxidative decarboxylation , chemistry , hydroxylation , catalysis , substrate (aquarium) , enzyme , stereochemistry , reaction mechanism , biocatalysis , halogenation , catalytic cycle , oxygenase , oxidoreductase , medicinal chemistry , organic chemistry , oceanography , geology
Abstract N‐alkylisonitrile, a precursor to isonitrile‐containing lipopeptides, is biosynthesized by decarboxylation‐assisted ‐N≡C group (isonitrile) formation by using N‐alkylglycine as the substrate. This reaction is catalyzed by iron(II) and 2‐oxoglutarate (Fe/2OG) dependent enzymes. Distinct from typical oxygenation or halogenation reactions catalyzed by this class of enzymes, installation of the isonitrile group represents a novel reaction type for Fe/2OG enzymes that involves a four‐electron oxidative process. Reported here is a plausible mechanism of three Fe/2OG enzymes, Sav607, ScoE and SfaA, which catalyze isonitrile formation. The X‐ray structures of iron‐loaded ScoE in complex with its substrate and the intermediate, along with biochemical and biophysical data reveal that ‐N≡C bond formation involves two cycles of Fe/2OG enzyme catalysis. The reaction starts with an Fe IV ‐oxo‐catalyzed hydroxylation. It is likely followed by decarboxylation‐assisted desaturation to complete isonitrile installation.