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Single‐Molecule Force Measurement Guides the Design of Multivalent Ligands with Picomolar Affinity
Author(s) -
Yang Zhen,
Jiang Sheng,
Li Feng,
Qiu Yatao,
Gu Jianhua,
Pettigrew Roderic I.,
Ferrari Mauro,
Hamilton Dale J.,
Li Zheng
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201814347
Subject(s) - chemistry , receptor , rational design , vandetanib , biophysics , positron emission tomography , drug design , ligand (biochemistry) , combinatorial chemistry , nanotechnology , biochemistry , materials science , medicine , biology , radiology , tyrosine kinase
Abstract Interaction of multiple entities and receptors, or multivalency is widely applied to achieve high affinity ligands for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, lack of knowledge on receptor distribution in living subjects remains a challenge for rational structure design. Herein, we develop a force measurement platform to probe the distribution and separation of the cell surface vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) in live cells, and use this to assess the geometry of appropriate linkers for distinct multivalent binding modes. A tetravalent lead ZD‐4, which was developed from an antitumor drug ZD6474 (Vandetanib) with combined hybrid binding effects, yielded a 2000‐fold improvement in the binding affinity to VEGFR with IC 50 value of 25 p m . We confirmed the improved affinity by the associated increase of tumor uptake in the VEGFR‐targeting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using U87 tumor xenograft mouse model.