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Bromine‐Substituted Fluorene: Molecular Structure, Br–Br Interactions, Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence, and Tricolor Triboluminescence
Author(s) -
Wang Jiaqiang,
Wang Can,
Gong Yanbin,
Liao Qiuyan,
Han Mengmeng,
Jiang Tianjiao,
Dang Qianxi,
Li Yaqin,
Li Qianqian,
Li Zhen
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201811660
Subject(s) - phosphorescence , intersystem crossing , cyan , photochemistry , fluorene , fluorescence , excimer , materials science , chemistry , polymer , organic chemistry , excited state , optics , atomic physics , physics , singlet state
Organic tribophosphorescence materials are rarely reported and the introduction of Br atoms may be a practical way to design such materials. Here four bromine‐substituted fluorene‐based derivatives are presented and BrFlu−CBr, having fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual‐emission induced not only by UV light but also by mechanical stimulus, manifests the highest phosphorescence efficiency of 4.56 % upon photoirradiation. During the grinding process, three different triboluminescent spectra were identified. Upon introduction of a mechanical stimulus, the triboluminescence emission is cyan, whereas after an extended period it changed to blue. After removing the mechanical stimulus, green‐white phosphorescent emission was observed. Careful research on single‐crystal structures and theoretical calculations demonstrate that strong Br⋅⋅⋅Br interactions are vital to facilitate spin‐orbit coupling and promote intersystem crossing, thus generating the unique properties.