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Divergent Reactivity of Stannane and Silane in the Trifluoromethylation of Pd II : Cyclic Transition State versus Difluorocarbene Release
Author(s) -
Pu Maoping,
Sanhueza Italo A.,
Senol Erdem,
Schoenebeck Franziska
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201808229
Subject(s) - stannane , transmetalation , difluorocarbene , carbene , chemistry , silane , reactivity (psychology) , photochemistry , stereochemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
The transmetalation is a key elementary step in cross‐coupling reactions. Yet, the precise nature of its mechanism and transition state geometry are frequently elusive. This report discloses our study of the transmetalation of [Pd II ]‐F complexes with the silane‐ and stannane‐based trifluoromethylation agents, R 3 SiCF 3 and R 3 SnCF 3 . A divergent reactivity was uncovered, with the stannane showing selective R‐group transfer, and the silane selective CF 3 ‐group transfer. Using a combined experimental and computational approach, we uncovered a hitherto unrecognized transmetalation mechanism with the widely employed R 3 SiCF 3 reagent, explaining its unique activity in metal‐catalyzed trifluoromethylations. While the stannane reacts via a cyclic, 4‐membered transition state, the silane undergoes a fundamentally different pathway and releases a difluorocarbene in the transmetalation event. Molecular dynamics studies clearly reinforced the liberation of a free CF 2 carbene, which reacts with [Pd II ]‐F to ultimately generate [Pd II ]‐CF 3.