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Betaine Catalysis for Hierarchical Reduction of CO 2 with Amines and Hydrosilane To Form Formamides, Aminals, and Methylamines
Author(s) -
Liu XiaoFang,
Li XiaoYa,
Qiao Chang,
Fu HongChen,
He LiangNian
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201702734
Subject(s) - formamides , methylamines , chemistry , betaine , aminal , catalysis , yield (engineering) , organic chemistry , combinatorial chemistry , materials science , metallurgy
An efficient, sustainable organocatalyst, glycine betaine, was developed for the reductive functionalization of CO 2 with amines and diphenylsilane. Methylamines and formamides were obtained in high yield by tuning the CO 2 pressure and reaction temperature. Based on identification of the key intermediate, that is, the aminal, an alternative mechanism for methylation involving the C 0 silyl acetal and aminal is proposed. Furthermore, reducing the CO 2 amount afforded aminals with high yield and selectivity. Therefore, betaine catalysis affords products with a diversified energy content that is, formamides, aminals and methylamines, by hierarchical two‐, four‐ and six‐electron reduction, respectively, of CO 2 coupled with C−N bond formation.