Biomimicry Promotes the Efficiency of a 10‐Step Sequential Enzymatic Reaction on Nanoparticles, Converting Glucose to Lactate
Author(s) -
Mukai Chinatsu,
Gao Lizeng,
Nelson Jacquelyn L.,
Lata James P.,
Cohen Roy,
Wu Lauren,
Hinchman Meleana M.,
Bergkvist Magnus,
Sherwood Robert W.,
Zhang Sheng,
Travis Alexander J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201609495
Subject(s) - substrate (aquarium) , chemistry , enzyme , nanobiotechnology , nanoparticle , combinatorial chemistry , biocatalysis , enzyme catalysis , drug delivery , nanotechnology , biochemistry , biophysics , catalysis , organic chemistry , materials science , reaction mechanism , biology , ecology
Abstract For nanobiotechnology to achieve its potential, complex organic–inorganic systems must grow to utilize the sequential functions of multiple biological components. Critical challenges exist: immobilizing enzymes can block substrate‐binding sites or prohibit conformational changes, substrate composition can interfere with activity, and multistep reactions risk diffusion of intermediates. As a result, the most complex tethered reaction reported involves only 3 enzymes. Inspired by the oriented immobilization of glycolytic enzymes on the fibrous sheath of mammalian sperm, here we show a complex reaction of 10 enzymes tethered to nanoparticles. Although individual enzyme efficiency was higher in solution, the efficacy of the 10‐step pathway measured by conversion of glucose to lactate was significantly higher when tethered. To our knowledge, this is the most complex organic–inorganic system described, and it shows that tethered, multi‐step biological pathways can be reconstituted in hybrid systems to carry out functions such as energy production or delivery of molecular cargo.