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Characterization of the Cytochrome c Membrane‐Binding Site Using Cardiolipin‐Containing Bicelles with NMR
Author(s) -
Kobayashi Hisashi,
Nagao Satoshi,
Hirota Shun
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201607419
Subject(s) - cardiolipin , chemistry , cytochrome c , model lipid bilayer , cytochrome , binding site , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , biophysics , crystallography , stereochemistry , biochemistry , mitochondrion , membrane , lipid bilayer , phospholipid , biology , enzyme , lipid bilayer phase behavior
Cytochrome (cyt) c transports electrons from Complex III to Complex IV in mitochondria. Cyt c is ordinarily anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through interaction with cardiolipin (CL), however its release into the cytosol initiates apoptosis. The cyt c interaction site with CL‐containing bicelles was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shift perturbations in cyt c signals upon interaction with bicelles revealed that a relatively wide region, which includes the A‐site, the CXXCH motif, and the N‐ and C‐terminal helices, and contains multiple Lys residues, interacts cooperatively with CL. The specific cyt c –CL interaction increased with increasing CL molecules in the bicelles. The location of the cyt c interaction site for CL was similar to those for Complex III and Complex IV, thus indicating that cyt c recognizes lipids and partner proteins in a similar way. In addition to elucidating the cyt c membrane‐binding site, these results provide insight into the dynamic aspect of cyt c interactions in mitochondria.