Premium
Cold Sintering: A Paradigm Shift for Processing and Integration of Ceramics
Author(s) -
Guo Jing,
Guo Hanzheng,
Baker Amanda L.,
Lanagan Michael T.,
Kupp Elizabeth R.,
Messing Gary L.,
Randall Clive A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201605443
Subject(s) - sintering , ceramic , materials science , aqueous solution , dissolution , precipitation , alkali metal , chemical engineering , mineralogy , metallurgy , chemistry , organic chemistry , physics , meteorology , engineering
This paper describes a sintering technique for ceramics and ceramic‐based composites, using water as a transient solvent to effect densification (i.e. sintering) at temperatures between room temperature and 200 °C. To emphasize the incredible reduction in sintering temperature relative to conventional thermal sintering this new approach is named the “Cold Sintering Process” (CSP). Basically CSP uses a transient aqueous environment to effect densification by a mediated dissolution–precipitation process. CSP of NaCl, alkali molybdates and V 2 O 5 with small concentrations of water are described in detail, but the process is extended and demonstrated for a diverse range of chemistries (oxides, carbonates, bromides, fluorides, chlorides and phosphates), multiple crystal structures, and multimaterial applications. Furthermore, the properties of selected CSP samples are demonstrated to be essentially equivalent as samples made by conventional thermal sintering.