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Using Genetically Encodable Self‐Assembling Gd III Spin Labels To Make In‐Cell Nanometric Distance Measurements
Author(s) -
Mascali Florencia C.,
Ching H. Y. Vincent,
Rasia Rodolfo M.,
Un Sun,
Tabares Leandro C.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201603653
Subject(s) - electron paramagnetic resonance , site directed spin labeling , helix (gastropod) , spin (aerodynamics) , crystallography , chemistry , metal , nanotechnology , biophysics , materials science , physics , nuclear magnetic resonance , biology , ecology , organic chemistry , snail , thermodynamics
Abstract Double electron–electron resonance (DEER) can be used to study the structure of a protein in its native cellular environment. Until now, this has required isolation, in vitro labeling, and reintroduction of the protein back into the cells. We describe a completely biosynthetic approach that avoids these steps. It exploits genetically encodable lanthanide‐binding tags (LBT) to form self‐assembling Gd III metal‐based spin labels and enables direct in‐cell measurements. This approach is demonstrated using a pair of LBTs encoded one at each end of a 3‐helix bundle expressed in E. coli grown on Gd III ‐supplemented medium. DEER measurements directly on these cells produced readily detectable time traces from which the distance between the Gd III labels could be determined. This work is the first to use biosynthetically produced self‐assembling metal‐containing spin labels for non‐disruptive in‐cell structural measurements.