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VOCl as a Cathode for Rechargeable Chloride Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Gao Ping,
Reddy M. Anji,
Mu Xiaoke,
Diemant Thomas,
Zhang Le,
ZhaoKarger Zhirong,
Chakravadhanula Venkata Sai Kiran,
Clemens Oliver,
Behm R. Jürgen,
Fichtner Maximilian
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201509564
Subject(s) - cathode , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chloride , electrochemistry , electrolyte , anode , chemistry , electrode , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , inorganic chemistry , ion , chemical engineering , intercalation (chemistry) , materials science , organic chemistry , engineering
Abstract A novel room temperature rechargeable battery with VOCl cathode, lithium anode, and chloride ion transporting liquid electrolyte is described. The cell is based on the reversible transfer of chloride ions between the two electrodes. The VOCl cathode delivered an initial discharge capacity of 189 mAh g −1 . A reversible capacity of 113 mAh g −1 was retained even after 100 cycles when cycled at a high current density of 522 mA g −1 . Such high cycling stability was achieved in chloride ion batteries for the first time, demonstrating the practicality of the system beyond a proof of concept model. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of the VOCl electrode in the chloride ion cell was investigated in detail by ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results confirm reversible deintercalation–intercalation of chloride ions in the VOCl electrode.