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Activatable 19 F MRI Nanoparticle Probes for the Detection of Reducing Environments
Author(s) -
Nakamura Tatsuya,
Matsushita Hisashi,
Sugihara Fuminori,
Yoshioka Yoshichika,
Mizukami Shin,
Kikuchi Kazuya
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201409365
Subject(s) - nanoparticle , chemistry , magnetic resonance imaging , relaxation (psychology) , nuclear magnetic resonance , paramagnetism , magnetic nanoparticles , in vivo , molecular imaging , materials science , nanotechnology , analytical chemistry (journal) , organic chemistry , medicine , psychology , social psychology , physics , microbiology and biotechnology , quantum mechanics , biology , radiology
19 F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes that can detect biological phenomena such as cell dynamics, ion concentrations, and enzymatic activity have attracted significant attention. Although perfluorocarbon (PFC) encapsulated nanoparticles are of interest in molecular imaging owing to their high sensitivity, activatable PFC nanoparticles have not been developed. In this study, we showed for the first time that the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect can efficiently decrease the 19 F NMR/MRI signals of PFCs in silica nanoparticles. On the basis of the PRE effect, we developed a reduction‐responsive PFC‐encapsulated nanoparticle probe, FLAME‐SS‐Gd 3+ (FSG). This is the first example of an activatable PFC‐encapsulated nanoparticle that can be used for in vivo imaging. Calculations revealed that the ratio of fluorine atoms to Gd 3+ complexes per nanoparticle was more than approximately 5.0×10 2 , resulting in the high signal augmentation.