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Theranostic Iridium(III) Complexes as One‐ and Two‐Photon Phosphorescent Trackers to Monitor Autophagic Lysosomes
Author(s) -
He Liang,
Tan CaiPing,
Ye RuiRong,
Zhao YiZhi,
Liu YaHong,
Zhao Qiang,
Ji LiangNian,
Mao ZongWan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201407468
Subject(s) - autophagy , lysosome , microbiology and biotechnology , phosphorescence , chemistry , iridium , intracellular , two photon excitation microscopy , biophysics , fluorescence , apoptosis , biochemistry , biology , enzyme , catalysis , physics , quantum mechanics
During autophagy, the intracellular components are captured in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Changes in lysosomal trafficking and contents are key events in the regulation of autophagy, which has been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. In this work, two iridium(III) complexes ( LysoIr1 and LysoIr2 ) are developed as theranostic agents to monitor autophagic lysosomes. These complexes display lysosome‐activated phosphorescence and can specifically label lysosomes with high photostability. Simultaneously, they can induce autophagy potently without initiating an apoptosis response. We demonstrate that LysoIr2 can effectively implement two functions, namely autophagy induction and lysosomal tracking, in the visualization of autophagosomal–lysosomal fusion. More importantly, they display strong two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), which is favorable for live cell imaging and in vivo applications.