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Targetable Phosphorescent Oxygen Nanosensors for the Assessment of Tumor Mitochondrial Dysfunction By Monitoring the Respiratory Activity
Author(s) -
Wang XiaoHui,
Peng HongShang,
Yang Lin,
You FangTian,
Teng Feng,
Hou LingLing,
Wolfbeis Otto S.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201405048
Subject(s) - nanosensor , mitochondrion , phosphorescence , oxygen , reactive oxygen species , respiration , intracellular , extracellular , chemistry , respiratory system , biophysics , nanotechnology , biochemistry , materials science , biology , medicine , fluorescence , physics , botany , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics
Cellular respiration is a worthwhile criterion to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction by measuring the dissolved oxygen. However, most of the existing sensing strategies merely report extracellular (ec‐) or intracellular (ic‐) O 2 rather than intramitochondrial (im‐) O 2 . Herein we present a method to assess tumor mitochondrial dysfunction with three phosphorescent nanosensors, which respond to ec‐, ic‐, and im‐O 2 . Time‐resolved luminescence is applied to determine the respective oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) under varying respiratory conditions. Data obtained for the OCRs and on (intra)cellular O 2 gradients demonstrate that mitochondria in tumor cells are distinctly less active than those of healthy cells, resulting from restrained glucose utilization of and physical injury to the mitochondria. We believe that such a site‐resolved sensing strategy can be applied to numerous other situations, for example to evaluate the adverse effects of drug candidates.