Premium
Phosphonated Near‐Infrared Fluorophores for Biomedical Imaging of Bone
Author(s) -
Hyun Hoon,
Wada Hideyuki,
Bao Kai,
Gravier Julien,
Yadav Yogesh,
Laramie Matt,
Henary Maged,
Frangioni John V.,
Choi Hak Soo
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201404930
Subject(s) - fluorophore , fluorescence , bisphosphonate , bifunctional , conjugate , chemistry , molecule , bone matrix , infrared , nanotechnology , materials science , osteoporosis , optics , anatomy , cartilage , biochemistry , medicine , mathematical analysis , physics , mathematics , organic chemistry , endocrinology , catalysis
The conventional method for creating targeted contrast agents is to conjugate separate targeting and fluorophore domains. A new strategy is based on the incorporation of targeting moieties into the non‐delocalized structure of pentamethine and heptamethine indocyanines. Using the known affinity of phosphonates for bone minerals in a model system, two families of bifunctional molecules that target bone without requiring a traditional bisphosphonate are synthesized. With peak fluorescence emissions at approximately 700 or 800 nm, these molecules can be used for fluorescence‐assisted resection and exploration (FLARE) dual‐channel imaging. Longitudinal FLARE studies in mice demonstrate that phosphonated near‐infrared fluorophores remain stable in bone for over five weeks, and histological analysis confirms their incorporation into the bone matrix. Taken together, a new strategy for creating ultra‐compact, targeted near‐infrared fluorophores for various bioimaging applications is described.