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All Organic Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Na 4 C 8 H 2 O 6
Author(s) -
Wang Shiwen,
Wang Lijiang,
Zhu Zhiqiang,
Hu Zhe,
Zhao Qing,
Chen Jun
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201400032
Subject(s) - electrochemistry , chemistry , sodium , electrode , ion , carboxylate , salt (chemistry) , sodium salt , inorganic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , stereochemistry , organic chemistry
Abstract Developing organic compounds with multifunctional groups to be used as electrode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries is very important. The organic tetrasodium salt of 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid (Na 4 DHTPA; Na 4 C 8 H 2 O 6 ), which was prepared through a green one‐pot method, was investigated at potential windows of 1.6–2.8 V as the positive electrode or 0.1–1.8 V as the negative electrode (vs. Na + /Na), each delivering compatible and stable capacities of ca. 180 mAh g −1 with excellent cycling. A combination of electrochemical, spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that reversible uptake/removal of two Na + ions is associated with the enolate groups at 1.6–2.8 V (Na 2 C 8 H 2 O 6 /Na 4 C 8 H 2 O 6 ) and the carboxylate groups at 0.1–1.8 V (Na 4 C 8 H 2 O 6 /Na 6 C 8 H 2 O 6 ). The use of Na 4 C 8 H 2 O 6 as the initial active materials for both electrodes provided the first example of all‐organic rocking‐chair SIBs with an average operation voltage of 1.8 V and a practical energy density of about 65 Wh kg −1 .