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Efficient Solution‐Processed Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells by Antiparallel Supramolecular Arrangement of Dipolar Donor–Acceptor Dyes
Author(s) -
Bürckstümmer Hannah,
Tulyakova Elena V.,
Deppisch Manuela,
Lenze Martin R.,
Kronenberg Nils M.,
Gsänger Marcel,
Stolte Matthias,
Meerholz Klaus,
Würthner Frank
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
angewandte chemie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1521-3757
pISSN - 0044-8249
DOI - 10.1002/ange.201105133
Subject(s) - chromophore , acceptor , dipole , antiparallel (mathematics) , organic solar cell , fullerene , solar cell , cyanine , materials science , supramolecular chemistry , energy conversion efficiency , photochemistry , polymer solar cell , chemistry , crystallography , optoelectronics , crystal structure , optics , fluorescence , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , magnetic field , condensed matter physics , polymer , composite material
A series of dipolar donor–acceptor ( D –A) chromophores with aminothiophene donor and different heterocyclic acceptor units is reported. By modulation of the acceptor strength, absorption bands over the whole visible spectrum are accessible as well as adjustment of the frontier molecular orbital levels. The performance of the chromophores in blends with fullerene acceptors in solution‐processed bulk heterojunction solar cells was studied and related to the molecular properties of the dyes. In particular, the effect of the large ground‐state dipole moments of these dyes was investigated by single crystal X‐ray analysis, which revealed antiparallel dimers, resulting in an annihilation of the dipole moments. This specific feature of supramolecular organization explains the excellent performance of merocyanine dyes in organic solar cells. With blends of HB366 :PC 71 BM, the most efficient solar cell with a V OC of 1.0 V, a J SC of 10.2 mA cm −2 , and a power‐conversion efficiency of 4.5 % was achieved under standard AM1.5, 100 mW cm −2 conditions. Under reduced lighting conditions, even higher efficiencies up to 5.1 % was obtained.