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Extension of Planck's law of thermal radiation to systems with a steady heat flux
Author(s) -
Budaev B.V.,
Bogy D.B.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
annalen der physik
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.009
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1521-3889
pISSN - 0003-3804
DOI - 10.1002/andp.201100135
Subject(s) - thermal radiation , heat flux , physics , planck , radiative flux , black body radiation , radiative transfer , thermal , radiation , flux (metallurgy) , radiation flux , thermodynamics , steady state (chemistry) , mechanics , heat transfer , materials science , quantum mechanics , chemistry , metallurgy
Planck's law of thermal radiation is limited to equilibrium systems that have a definite temperature and do not carry any heat flux. Here we extend it to steady‐state systems with a constant heat flux. The obtained formulas explicitly describe the spectrum of thermal radiation in every direction and provide a sound basis for the self‐consistent analysis of radiative heat transport across interfaces, gaps, layered and other important structures.