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Neurological manifestations in xeroderma pigmentosum
Author(s) -
Mimaki Takashi,
Itoh Naoyuki,
Abe Jiro,
Tagawa Tetsuzo,
Sato Kenji,
Yabuuchi Hyakuji,
Takebe Hiraku
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
annals of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.764
H-Index - 296
eISSN - 1531-8249
pISSN - 0364-5134
DOI - 10.1002/ana.410200112
Subject(s) - xeroderma pigmentosum , medicine , microcephaly , atrophy , ataxia , sensorineural hearing loss , dermatology , pathology , hearing loss , pediatrics , audiology , genetics , biology , dna , dna damage , psychiatry
Xeroderma pigmentosum is an unusual neurocutaneous disorder. Recent studies have classified patients with xeroderma pigmentosum into 10 groups by somatic cell hybridization methods. In this report we describe 32 patients with Group A xeroderma pigmentosum, including 1 patient with an atypical case, who were assessed for neurological complications. Of these patients, 17 had microcephaly, 13 short stature, and 21 mental retardation. In patients over 7 years of age, sensorineural deafness and spinocerebellar signs such as nystagmus, dysarthria, tremor, and ataxia were frequently observed; no patients below 7 years of age had such neurological complications. Electroencephalographic studies revealed abnormal slow and low voltage background activity. Two patients had focal abnormal discharges, one of whom developed versive seizures. Cranial computed tomographic scans revealed abnormalities, including ventricular dilatation, cerebral atrophy, cerebellar and brainstem atrophy, and cranial bone thickening. A patient with an atypical case of Group A xeroderma pigmentosum had less skin and neurological involvement, and higher levels of postultraviolet colony‐forming ability and host cell reactivation than did a typical Group A case. It is possible that these less severe cytological findings are responsible for the less severe skin lesions and neurological complications noted clinically.