Premium
The gut microbiome in human neurological disease: A review
Author(s) -
Tremlett Helen,
Bauer Kylynda C.,
AppelCresswell Silke,
Finlay Brett B.,
Waubant Emmanuelle
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
annals of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.764
H-Index - 296
eISSN - 1531-8249
pISSN - 0364-5134
DOI - 10.1002/ana.24901
Subject(s) - disease , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , microbiome , multiple sclerosis , human microbiome project , gut flora , neuroscience , neurology , human microbiome , neuromyelitis optica , biology , neuroimmunology , gut microbiome , medicine , immune system , immunology , bioinformatics , pathology
Almost half the cells and 1% of the unique genes found in our bodies are human, the rest are from microbes, predominantly bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. These microorganisms collectively form the human microbiota, with most colonizing the gut. Recent technological advances, open access data libraries, and application of high‐throughput sequencing have allowed these microbes to be identified and their contribution to neurological health to be examined. Emerging evidence links perturbations in the gut microbiota to neurological disease, including disease risk, activity, and progression. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in microbiome research in relation to neuro(auto)immune and neurodegenerative conditions affecting humans, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Study design and terminology used in this rapidly evolving, highly multidisciplinary field are summarized to empower and engage the neurology community in this “newly discovered organ.” Ann Neurol 2017;81:369–382