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Dietary intakes of berries and flavonoids in relation to cognitive decline
Author(s) -
Devore Elizabeth E.,
Kang Jae Hee,
Breteler Monique M. B.,
Grodstein Francine
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
annals of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.764
H-Index - 296
eISSN - 1531-8249
pISSN - 0364-5134
DOI - 10.1002/ana.23594
Subject(s) - anthocyanidins , cognitive decline , confounding , cognition , confidence interval , demography , medicine , effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance , cohort , gerontology , psychology , flavonoid , dementia , biology , biochemistry , disease , psychiatry , sociology , antioxidant
Objective: Berries are high in flavonoids, especially anthocyanidins, and improve cognition in experimental studies. We prospectively evaluated whether greater long‐term intakes of berries and flavonoids are associated with slower rates of cognitive decline in older women. Methods: Beginning in 1980, a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered every 4 years to Nurses' Health Study participants. In 1995–2001, we began measuring cognitive function in 16,010 participants, aged ≥70 years; follow‐up assessments were conducted twice, at 2‐year intervals. To ascertain long‐term diet, we averaged dietary variables from 1980 through the initial cognitive interview. Using multivariate‐adjusted, mixed linear regression, we estimated mean differences in slopes of cognitive decline by long‐term berry and flavonoid intakes. Results: Greater intakes of blueberries and strawberries were associated with slower rates of cognitive decline (eg, for a global score averaging all 6 cognitive tests, for blueberries: p ‐trend = 0.014 and mean difference = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01–0.07, comparing extreme categories of intake; for strawberries: p ‐trend = 0.022 and mean difference = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00–0.06, comparing extreme categories of intake), after adjusting for multiple potential confounders. These effect estimates were equivalent to those we found for approximately 1.5 to 2.5 years of age in our cohort, indicating that berry intake appears to delay cognitive aging by up to 2.5 years. Additionally, in further supporting evidence, greater intakes of anthocyanidins and total flavonoids were associated with slower rates of cognitive decline ( p ‐trends = 0.015 and 0.053, respectively, for the global score). Interpretation: Higher intake of flavonoids, particularly from berries, appears to reduce rates of cognitive decline in older adults. ANN NEUROL 2012