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Neuropathological basis of magnetic resonance images in aging and dementia
Author(s) -
Jagust William J.,
Zheng Ling,
Harvey Danielle J.,
Mack Wendy J.,
Vinters Harry V.,
Weiner Michael W.,
Ellis William G.,
Zarow Chris,
Mungas Dan,
Reed Bruce R.,
Kramer Joel H.,
Schuff Norbert,
DeCarli Charles,
Chui Helena C.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
annals of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.764
H-Index - 296
eISSN - 1531-8249
pISSN - 0364-5134
DOI - 10.1002/ana.21296
Subject(s) - hyperintensity , pathology , dementia , white matter , magnetic resonance imaging , pathological , hippocampal sclerosis , medicine , atrophy , alzheimer's disease , multiple sclerosis , vascular dementia , psychology , neuropathology , neuroscience , disease , temporal lobe , radiology , psychiatry , epilepsy
Objective Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is used widely for assessment of patients with cognitive impairment, but the pathological correlates are unclear, especially when multiple pathologies are present. Methods This report includes 93 subjects from a longitudinally followed cohort recruited for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical cerebrovascular disease (CVD). MR images were analyzed to quantify cortical gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities, and lacunes. Neuropathological examination quantified CVD parenchymal pathology, AD pathology (defined as Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease scores and Braak and Braak stage), and hippocampal sclerosis. Subjects were pathologically classified as 12 healthy control subjects, 46 AD, 14 CVD, 9 mixed AD/CVD, and 12 cognitively impaired patients without significant AD/CVD pathology. Multivariate models tested associations between magnetic resonance and pathological findings across the entire sample. Results Pathological correlates of cortical gray matter volume were AD, subcortical vascular pathology, and arteriosclerosis. Hippocampal volume was related to AD pathology and hippocampal sclerosis, and the effects of hippocampal sclerosis were greater for subjects with low levels of AD pathology. White matter hyperintensities were related to age and to white matter pathology. Number of MRI lacunes was related to subcortical vascular pathology. Interpretation In this clinical setting, the presence of lacunes and white matter changes provide a good signal for vascular disease. The neuropathological basis of MR defined cerebral cortical and hippocampal atrophy in aging and dementia is complex, with several pathological processes converging on similar brain structures that mediate cognitive decline. Ann Neurol 2008