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Changing incidence of central nervous system diseases in the EuroSIDA cohort
Author(s) -
d'Arminio Monforte Antonella,
Cinque Paola,
Mocroft Amanda,
Goebel FrankDetlev,
Antunes Francisco,
Katlama Christine,
Stenz Justesen Ulrik,
Vella Stefano,
Kirk Ole,
Lundgren Jens
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
annals of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.764
H-Index - 296
eISSN - 1531-8249
pISSN - 0364-5134
DOI - 10.1002/ana.10827
Subject(s) - incidence (geometry) , medicine , multicenter aids cohort study , reverse transcriptase , central nervous system , cohort study , disease , observational study , immunology , cohort , viral disease , prospective cohort study , viral load , lentivirus , nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor , antiretroviral therapy , virus , biology , polymerase chain reaction , biochemistry , physics , optics , gene
A drastic decrease in incidence has been observed for most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related opportunistic manifestations after use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We assessed the trend of incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases in a prospective multicenter observational study involving 9,803 patients across Europe in the period 1994 to 2002 and analyzed patient and treatment variables associated with these conditions. Overall, 568 patients (5.8%) received a diagnosis of a new CNS disease. Incidence decreased significantly from 5.9 per 100 person‐year in 1994 to 0.5 in 2002. Overall, the decrease was 40% per calendar year, and it was similar to that of non‐CNS diseases and less evident after year 1998. In multivariable models, low CD4 cell count and high plasma viral load, but not HAART or calendar year, were significantly associated with risk to develop CNS disease, indicating that the effect of HAART was likely mediated by both improved immunological conditions and inhibition of viral replication. In contrast, use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, irrespective of use of protease inhibitors or non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, appeared to protect specifically against acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome dementia complex, suggesting that, in this condition, therapy might have a direct, additive effect in the CNS.