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Retrograde reactions of Clarke's nucleus neurons after human spinal cord injury
Author(s) -
Schmitt Andreas B.,
Breuer Sebastian,
Polat Leyla,
Pech Katrin,
Kakulas Byran,
Love Seth,
Martin Didier,
Schoenen Jean,
Noth Johannes,
Brook Gary A.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
annals of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.764
H-Index - 296
eISSN - 1531-8249
pISSN - 0364-5134
DOI - 10.1002/ana.10724
Subject(s) - spinal cord , regeneration (biology) , axon , neuroscience , spinal cord injury , central nervous system , in situ hybridization , biology , downregulation and upregulation , axotomy , nucleus , anatomy , gene expression , gene , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics
Abstract Successful axon regeneration depends on the expression of regeneration‐associated genes by axotomized neurons. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the expression of regeneration‐associated genes by axotomized human CNS neurons. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed a transient induction of GAP‐43 and c‐ jun in Clarke's nucleus neurons caudal to traumatic human spinal cord injury. These results support experimental data that nonregenerating central nervous system neurons can temporarily upregulate regeneration‐associated genes, reflecting a transient regenerative capacity that fails over time. Ann Neurol 2003;54:534‐539